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Cleopatra , daughter of Auletes, Ptolemy XII of ancient Egypt, was born in 69 B.C. Of Greek heritage, she was highly educated and conversant in numerous languages, and shrewdly used her intelligence and guiles to succeed to the throne over her brothers Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV. Her notorious affair with Julius Caesar , both in Egypt and Rome, led to the birth to her son, Caesarion. However, after Caesar was assassinated, Cleopatra returned to Egypt where she became romantically and politically involved with Marc Antony. When Caesar prevailed over Antony, Cleopatra took her own life. She has however since gained considerable claim in art, literature and film. (www.webwinds.com....opatra.htm)
Philological Quarterly; 3/22/2000; Vanhoutte, Jacqueline; 8521 words; . a self-inflicted wound, Shakespeare's Cleopatra asks, is it sin, / To rush into the secret . The question appears to be rhetorical; Cleopatra soon announces her intention to prove . Caesar, fond of describing the living Cleopatra as a whore (3.6.67), refers to the dead . ANTIQUITY CLEOPATRA WAS MORE A PART OF ROME'S STORY THAN EGYPT'S, SAYS PETER JONE (www.encyclopedia.com....patra.html)
Caesar then returned to Italy, disregarding the authority of the senate and famously crossing the Rubicon river without disbanding his army. In the ensuing civil war Caesar defeated the republican forces. Pompey, their leader, fled to Egypt where he was assassinated. Caesar followed him and became involved with the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra (www.bbc.co.uk....lius.shtml)
He met Pompey at Dyrrhachium but was forced to fall back and begin a long retreat southward, with Pompey in pursuit . Near Pharsalus , Caesar camped in a very strategic location. Pompey, who had a far larger army, attacked Caesar but was routed (48 B.C. and fled to Egypt, where he was killed. 13 Caesar, having pursued Pompey to Egypt, remained there for some time, living with Cleopatra , taking her part against her brother and husband Ptolemy XII, and establishing her firmly on the throne. From Egypt he went to Syria and Pontus, where he defeated (47 B.C. Pharnaces II with such ease that he reported his victory in the words Veni, vidi, vici [I came, I saw, I conquered]. In the same year he personally put down a mutiny of his army and then set out for Africa, where the followers of Pompey had fled, to end their opposition led by Cato. 14 Dictatorship and Death On his return to Rome, where he was now tribune of the people and dictator, he had four great triumphs and pardoned all his enemie (www.bartleby.com....sar-J.html)
His war on Egypt may have started for a number of reasons as to why it started. According to Suetonius (Suetonius, The Twelve Caesars, ch. 1. part 35) when he arrived in Alexandria , he discovered that King Ptolemy XII had murdered Pompey and had plans to kill Caesar as well. According to Plutarch, however (Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, ch. 5, part 48), the war occurred because of Caesarâs passion for Cleopatra . Furthermore the Kingâs party and more specifically the eunuch Pothinus, who was responsible for Pompeyâs death, âhad driven out Cleopatra â and was plotting against Caesar as well. Whatever the reason though, he won the Egyptians, aided Cleopatra in regaining her throne and did away with any opposition while setting up the government, and allegedly having an affair with Cleopatra which resulted in a child. (articles.directorym.com....00250.html)
Cleopatra , 69 BC-30 BC, queen of Egypt, one of the great romantic heroines of all time. Her name was widely used in the Ptolemaic family; there were many earlier Cleopatras. The daughter of Ptolemy XI, she was married at the age of 17 (as was the family custom) to her younger brother Ptolemy XII . The force and character of the royal pair was, however, concentrated in the alluring (though apparently not beautiful) and ambitious queen. She led a revolt against her brother , and, obtaining the aid of Julius Caesar , she won the kingdom , although it remained a vassal of Rome. Her young brother -husband was accidentally drowned in the Nile. She then married her still younger brother Ptolemy XIII , but she was the mistress of Caesar and followed him to Rome; there she bore a son, Caesarion (later Ptolemy XIV ), who was said to be his. Returning to Egypt after the murder of Caesar and the battle of Philippi , she was visited (42 BC) by Marc Antony , who had come to demand an account of her action (www.encyclopedia.com....patra.html)
He fell hopelessly in love with her, and Cleopatra , conscious of her royalty and even her claims to divinity as the pharaoh's daughter, seems to have hoped to use Antony to reestablish the real power of the Egyptian throne. They were married in 36 BC Most of the Romans feared and hated Cleopatra , and Octavian (later Augustus undertook to destroy the two lovers. Antony and Cleopatra were defeated off Actium in 31 BC, and, returning to Alexandria , they tried to defend themselves in Egypt. When they failed, Antony committed suicide by falling on his sword. Cleopatra , faced by the cold and unmoved Octavian, also killed herself. Her schemes failed, but her ambition, capability, and remarkable charm have left a great impression on history. Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra , based on Plutarch, describes the tragic end of the queen's career, and Dryden's All for Love: or, The World Well Lost is a reworking of Shakespeare. Caesar and Cleopatra , the comedy by G. B. Shaw, deals with the early years of her stor (www.encyclopedia.com....patra.html)
He fell hopelessly in love with her, and Cleopatra , conscious of her royalty and even her claims to divinity as the pharaoh s daughter, seems to have hoped to use Antony to reestablish the real power of the Egyptian throne. They were married in 36 B.C. Most of the Romans feared and hated Cleopatra , and Octavian (later Augustus undertook to destroy the two lovers. Antony and Cleopatra were defeated off Actium in 31 B.C. , and, returning to Alexandria , they tried to defend themselves in Egypt. When they failed, Antony committed suicide by falling on his sword. Cleopatra , faced by the cold and unmoved Octavian, also killed herself. Her schemes failed, but her ambition, capability, and remarkable charm have left a great impression on history. Shakespeare s Antony and Cleopatra , based on Plutarch, describes the tragic end of the queen s career, and Dryden s All for Love: or, The World Well Lost is a reworking of Shakespeare. Caesar and Cleopatra , the comedy by G. B. Shaw, deals with the early years of her stor (www.bartleby.com....patra.html)
Caesar, having pursued Pompey to Egypt, remained there for some time, living with Cleopatra , taking her part against her brother and husband Ptolemy XII, and establishing her firmly on the throne. From Egypt he went to Syria and Pontus, where he defeated (47 BC) Pharnaces II with such ease that he reported his victory in the words "Veni, vidi, vici" [I came, I saw, I conquered]. In the same year he personally put down a mutiny of his army and then set out for Africa, where the followers of Pompey had fled, to end their opposition led by Cato. (www.encyclopedia.com....sar-J.html)
While in Gaul, he conducted numerous campaigns against the local tribes as well as those from Germany . In 55 BC, he crossed the English Channel and invaded Britain, but was unable to secure the country and retired to Gaul that winter. Returning the following year, he installed rulers that were favorable to Rome. Though he believed Gaul to be pacified, a massive revolt broke out in 52 BC led by Vercingetorix of the Arverni. After defeating Caesar in several engagements, he was finally brought to heel at the Battle of Alesia. Ordered to disband his army and return to Rome at end of is term as proconsul, Caesar feared being marginalized politically. Instead he marched on the city with one of his legions, causing him to be branded as a traitor. In the ensuing civil war, Caesar defeated Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus at the Battle of Dyrrhachium and chased him to his death in Alexandria . While in Egypt, Caesar intervened in the Alexandrine civil war between Ptolemy and Cleopatra , installing the latter on the thro (militaryhistory.about.com....r-born.htm)
Papers on Language & Literature; 6/22/1997; Levin, Richard A.; 6985 words; . again be guessed. Either she is asking whether Caesar would make a like sacrifice for her, or she is sardonically noting a contrast between Julius Caesar and Octavius, the former choosing to love her . rages at Cleopatra , who, he assumes, is signaling Caesar her availability. Antony recalls her prior . Sid Caesar 's new grasp on life (www.encyclopedia.com....aesar.html)
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